Cpt also adds the two new codes for the same test but specifies that the source is other fluids such as urine. Applications of serum protein electrophoresis in exotic pet. Immunofixation is used to evaluate monoclonal gammopathy m protein found on serum protein electrophoresis. The role of serum protein electrophoresis in the detection of. Reference intervals for the five electrophoretic serum protein fractions were determined by cae, age, and cze from a population of 82 men and 79 women. Serum protein electrophoresis, mclendon labs, clinical. During the test, an electric current is used to move the proteins across a thin layer of agarose gel. Candidate recommendations for protein electrophoresis reporting. Protein electrophoresis, immunofixation electrophoresis. Protein mass spectrometry is a relatively new and developing method for protein quantitation. Looking for online definition of electrophoretic serum protein determination in the medical dictionary. Protein assays and quantitation supportgetting started. Protein electrophoresis blood health encyclopedia university of. The biuret method is the most commonly used method for quantitation of serum total protein.
Serum protein electrophoresis is an inexpensive, easytoperform screening procedure for initial identification of monoclonal bands. Furthermore, software capabilities are variable, such that even if recommended it would be unlikely. The subsets of these proteins and their relative quantity are the primary focus of the interpretation of serum protein electrophoresis. Quantitative proteomics is an analytical chemistry technique for determining the amount of proteins in a sample.
Serum protein electrophoresis by cze 2000 clinical capillary. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis literature contains innumerable terms for. Protein electrophoresis is a test that measures specific proteins in the blood. Although protein electrophoresis of serum spep and urine upep specimens is a wellestablished. Integrating serum protein electrophoresis with mass spectrometry. Serum protein electrophoresis is an electrophoretic method of separating proteins present in the serum to various fractions based on their. Each band on the spe gel represents one or more proteins with similar size and charge characteristics. Pdf serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation by a. Serum protein electrophoresis an overview sciencedirect. The electrophoretic patterns of serum proteins in children. Serum protein electrophoresis spep or spe is a laboratory test that examines specific proteins in the blood called globulins. Validation of free flow electrophoresis as a novel plasma and.
Protein electrophoresis is a method for separating the proteins found in blood serum or urine. Serum protein electrophoresis spep progressive urology. Discontinuous electrophoresis electroblotting electrochromatography electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Physician pathologist interpretation of electrophoretic assays. The color that is formed is proportional to the number of peptide bonds present and reflects the total protein level cupric ion reacts with two or more peptide bonds. Proteins are substances made up of smaller building blocks called amino acids. What is electrophoretic serum protein determination. Protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis detect and measure abnormal proteins, or the absence of normal proteins in blood, urine or csf. Jul 31, 2019 serum protein electrophoresis spep is an easy, inexpensive method of separating proteins based on their net charge, size, and shape. Serum protein electrophoresis spep, heavy chain typing, and light. Immunoelectrophoresis, serum general information lab order codes. Protein electrophoresis is typically performed on serum the fluid portion of blood, urine samples or, in certain circumstances, cerebrospinal. The national center for biomedical ontology was founded as one of the national centers for biomedical computing, supported by the nhgri, the nhlbi, and the nih common fund under grant u54hg004028. Serum protein electrophoresis in healthy and injured southern white.
The serum protein electrophoresis spep test measures specific proteins in the blood to help identify some diseases. Introduction to proteinpeptide quantitation using normal flow lcms high sensitivity proteinpeptide quantitation enabling biomarker translational research. Spe reports should include protein fraction quantitation. The following describes the use of cze compared to agarose gel electrophoresis age for the detection of dysproteinemia and paraproteinemia in a clinical study involving. Department of medicine, university of washington, seattle, wash. If a discrete electrophoresis band is identified, the laboratory will evaluate the serum protein electrophoresis and may suggest immunofixation as an additional test at an additional charge. Physician pathologist interpretation of electrophoretic assays clinical laboratory consultations medicare will reimburse for clinical consultations if the consultation. Serum protein electrophoresis is a routine test performed in the majority of medical. Serum protein electrophoresis is a laboratory examination that commonly is used to identify patients with multiple myeloma and other disorders of serum protein. What does electrophoretic serum protein determination mean. Protein electrophoresis, random or 24hour urine nordx. Many techniques have been introduced and implemented for protein quantitation by mass spectrometry.
Results were displayed using the software program elfolab interlab. Comparison of serum protein electrophoresis by agarose gel. Candidate recommendations for protein electrophoresis. Reference intervals for the five electrophoretic serum protein fractions.
This report provides consensus and candidate recommendations for protein electrophoresis reporting as discussed at monoclonal gammopathy working group mgwg developed in conjunction with the canadian society of clinical chemists monoclonal gammopathy interest group. Relationship between agarose gel electrophoresis and immunonephelometry david l. Its interpretation relies on qualitative and quantitative analyses of each protein fraction. Abnormal serum protein electrophoresis pattern in a patient with multiple myeloma. Increasing m proteins require further evaluation bone marrow examination, skeletal xray studies, urinary protein electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoretic or immunofixation studies, and so forth.
Serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation by a semiautomated electrophoresis system. Immunofixation ife, serum and protein electrophoresis, serum. Besides protein characterization, an important step in the proteomic analysis is the possibility to quantify a specific protein. Electrophoretic serum protein determination definition of. The methods for protein identification are identical to those used in general i. If a discrete electrophoresis band is identified, the laboratory will evaluate the serum protein. Has application to the evaluation of lymphoproliferative disease malignant lymphoma and others and collagen disease in general.
Capillary zone electrophoresis cze offers the potential for automating serum protein electrophoretic analysis traditionally performed on standard thinlayer agarose gels. Fractionation of serum proteins by ammonium sulfate. Alternative protein quantitation methods include the lowry assay for protein quantitation and derivitization of nterminal amines. Serum protein electrophoresis spe is a useful diagnostic and. Serum protein electrophoresis and its clinical applications.
Electrophoresis, protein, serum mayo clinic laboratories in rochester. Meaning of electrophoretic serum protein determination medical term. M is a neoplasm of b cell lineage characterized by excessive proliferation of abnormal plasma cells, secreting abnormal immunoglobulin causing monoclonal gammopathy which can be detected by the presence of m protein in serum and urine electrophoresis. In the current study, we address protein fractionation and quantitation of acute phase proteins app in mice experimentally infected with sendai virus or mouse parvovirus. Protein, total, except by refractometry, other source synovial fluid, cerebralspinal fluid csf 84165 protein, electrophoretic fractionation and quantitation, serum. Proteins carry a positive or a negative electrical charge, and they move in fluid when placed in an electrical field. Globulins comprise a much smaller fraction of the total serum protein content. The nanoorange protein quantitation kit contains a very sensitive and easy assay for protein quantitation, with detection as low as 10 ngml of protein in solution with a useful assay range of 10 ngml to 10 gml.
Results and discussion the workflow to separate and detect lowabundance proteins. Twodimensional gel electrophoresis, 2de or 2d electrophoresis, is a form of gel electrophoresis commonly used to isolate the proteins in a sample for further characterization by. Protein electrophoresis, immunofixation electrophoresis lab tests. Protein quantitation may be accomplished through a number of methods, the most reliable of which include the bca bicinchoninic acid assay and the bradford assay. Recommendations for standardized reporting of protein. Serum protein electrophoresis spe separates proteins into multiple bands based on the size and charge of the protein. A blood sample is obtained by inserting a needle into a vein in the arm. We further investigate this methodology by using samples from sentinel mice from colonies with endemic infection. Although several more sophisticated procedures for serum protein fractionation have been described since kendall 1937 published the ammonium sulfate procedure for gamma globulin isolation, this is still the simplest and one of the most efficient methods if one does not wish to separate the different immunoglobulin fractions from each other.
Albumin is the most abundant protein, representing 6070% of all proteins in serum, and igg is the second most abundant protein with a 1020% representation. Urine samples may either be collected as a random sample not timed or a 24hour urine sample. Common contaminants, such as salts, solvents, or dna but not detergents are well tolerated in these assays. Biomarker proteins in diabetic and normal serum samples using. This information provides clues that a disease is affecting protein production or loss of protein.
Protein electrophoresis is typically done on serum the fluid portion of blood and urine samples. Relationship between agarose gel electrophoresis and immunonephelometry article in clinical chemistry 558. Serum protein electrophoresis spep or spe is a laboratory test that examines specific. Protein electrophoresis, immunofixation electrophoresis lab. Jan 01, 2005 serum protein electrophoresis is used to identify patients with multiple myeloma and other serum protein disorders.
If an eqa program is not available, the laboratories shall participate in exchange of. Median values and the central 95% of the distribution, expressed as fraction percentage and in concentration values gl, are presented in table 1. The 2 major types of protein present in the serum are albumin and the globulin proteins. Jul 08, 20 an m protein may be easily overlooked or an apparent m protein may actually represent a polyclonal increase in immunoglobulins or another protein if an m protein is present, the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain class cannot be determined from the spep consequently, the lab must perform serum ife in order to ascertain the presence of an m. All patients with monoclonal gammopathies should be followed with periodic serum protein electrophoresis to differentiate stable from increasing m spikes. Serum protein electrophoresis spe is a tool for multiple myeloma mm. Protein electrophoresis with reflex to immunofixation.
Recommendations for quantitative reporting of spep fractions. Investigation of globulin fractions by serum protein electrophoresis spe is. The intensity of the color produced in the biuret reaction is dependent on what. These two proteins effectively mask the presence of many comigrating proteins and limit the amount of total serum protein that can be resolved on a 2d gel. Protein, total, except by refractometry, urine 84166 protein, electrophoretic fractionation and quantitation, other fluids with concentration eg. The most common indications for a serum protein electrophoresis test are to diagnose or monitor multiple myeloma, a monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance mgus, or further investigate a discrepancy between a low albumin and a relatively high total protein. Serum proteins can be grouped into 5 fractions by protein electrophoresis. Electrophoresis separates proteins based on their physical properties, and the. Understanding and interpreting serum protein electrophoresis.